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Introduction System types On-grid or off-grid? Hybrid energy systems Analyzing Your Loads

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Systems for energy supply. Types of systems

Source: HomePower Magazine, #128

Three basic categories of renewable electricity systems are available today (though the future may hold more!).Stand-alone off-grid systems are completely independent of the utility grid. With the exception of direct-use systems likewater pumping or PV-powered ventilation, stand-alone RE systems must have batteries to provide energy storage duringtimes of low input or high usage.

Battery-based grid-tie systems are quite similar to standalone systems. They also use batteries, but they are connectedto the utility grid, so they can send out to the grid any surplus electricity generated by the RE system, and use utilityelectricity when needed.

Batteryless grid-tie systems are the simplest of all systems, having only the energy generation technology (be it PVmodules, or a wind or microhydro turbine) and an inverter connected to the utility grid. They do not have batteries,which points to their primary drawback—they have no backup capability. When the grid goes down, these systems also shut down.

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