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System Types

Three basic categories of renewable electricity systems areavailable today (though the future may hold more!).

Stand-alone off-grid systems are completelyindependent ofthe utility grid. With the exception of direct-use systems likewater pumping or PV-powered ventilation, stand-alone REsystems must have batteries to provide energy storage duringtimes of low input or high usage.

Battery-based grid-tie systems are quite similar to standalonesystems. They also use batteries, but they are connectedto the utility grid, so they can send out to the grid anysurplus electricity generated by the RE system, and use utilityelectricity when needed.

Batteryless grid-tie systems are the simplest of all systems,having only the energy generation technology (be it PVmodules, or a wind or microhydro turbine) and an inverterconnected to the utility grid. They do not have batteries,which points to their primary drawback—they have nobackup capability. When the grid goes down, these systemsalso shut down.

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